Adolph MENZEL

(Breslau 1815 - Berlin 1905)

Therese and Grete Herrmann at the Piano

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Pencil, with stumping.
Signed, inscribed and dated Adolph Menzel / Hofgastein / 22 Juli / 1872 at the lower right.
244 x 336 mm. (9 5/8 x 13 1/4 in.)
 
Throughout his life, Adolph Menzel displayed a passionate interest in music, as evidenced in many of his letters. As he noted in one such missive, written in 1836 to his close friend Carl Heinrich Arnold, ‘I have come to the conclusion that music, if perhaps not the first of all arts, is incontestably the one which affects the heart most directly.’ Menzel was particularly fond of the music of Beethoven, Haydn, Mozart and Schubert, and was a frequent visitor to concerts and opera performances in Berlin. He also often attended (and drew) private hausmusikrecitals at the home he shared with his sister Emilie and her husband, the composer and conductor Hermann Krigar. Although highly knowledgeable about music, Menzel does not, however, appear to have played an instrument himself.



In the summers between 1872 and 1874, Menzel, Emilie and Hermann Krigar, and their two children Gretel and Otto were guests of the Berlin banker and art collector Magnus Herrmann (1817-1894) in the spa town of Bad Hofgastein in Austria. Herrmann and Menzel enjoyed a long and close friendship, and Herrmann was among the artist’s earliest and most important patrons. He owned several significant works by the artist, notably The Flute Concert of Frederick II at Sansoucci of 1850-1852, which he sold to the Nationalgalerie in Berlin in 1875. At the Herrmann family’s summer home, the Villa Carolina in Hofgastein, a studio for Menzel was set up in a gardener’s cottage, while he also had use of a studio at Pyrkerstrasse 14 in the town itself. As the collector’s daughter Agathe Herrmann later recalled, ‘Menzel lived with his family in the so-called Gärtnerhaus, where my father had a large studio built, from whose windows Menzel painted the famous ‘View of Hofgastein'. For several summers, Menzel and his family were our dear guests in Gastein.’ Menzel made numerous drawings of Hofgastein and the Alpine scenery surrounding the town, many of which were later developed into finished paintings and gouaches, as well as several appealing and informal sketches of scenes of daily life with the Herrmann and Krigar-Menzel families at the Villa Carolina.



The Herrmanns had four daughters; Clara (1851-1888), who was to marry the painter Albert Hertel, Agathe (c.1855-c.1904/09), Therese (b.1863) and Margarethe, known as Grete (b.1864), as well as a son, Paul (1857-1921). In July 1872, when Menzel made this charming drawing of the two youngest Herrmann children at the piano, Therese was nine years old and Grete was seven. Their elder sister Agathe, who came to own the present sheet, later recalled the circumstances which led to this drawing: ‘[Menzel] would go out in wind and weather but one day when there was a great downpour, he came into the music room where my two little sisters were playing four-handed the ‘Serenade’ by Haydn together on the piano. “Children, I want to draw the chandelier, play something for me”, he said to them, thereby capturing their unselfconscious attitude, and making the characteristic, picturesque portrait drawing of them with which he later delighted my parents.’



The present sheet is undoubtedly among the most delightful of Menzel’s drawings of young children. Therese and Grete Herrmann, in their matching dresses, sit on a pair of upholstered chairs in the music room of the Villa Carolina. The artist has affectionately captured the girls’ intense, silent concentration as they study the score of Franz Joseph Haydn’s Serenade before them, engrossed in playing the enchanting melody which Menzel must have enjoyed as he drew them. 



Music was an important part of daily life in the Herrmann household, and since each of the members of the family played musical instruments, impromptu concerts were a regular occurrence at the Villa Carolina. As Agathe Herrmann recalled of one such time, ‘A brief intense thunderstorm, which we enjoyed only from the balcony...united us all in the music room. Herr Musikdirektor Krigar played the piano, my brother Paul the cello, my father the violin. We were all in the right mood for Mozart, and so our father's beautiful violin sounded with particular warmth, and Menzel, notwithstanding his full enjoyment of the music, took out his carpenter’s pencil and drew the musicians.’ In 1874 Menzel produced a drawing of Magnus Herrmann playing the violin, today in a private collection, and another of his eldest child Clara seated at a piano, now in the Kupferstichkabinett in Berlin. A pencil drawing of an unidentified man playing a cello, inscribed and dated ‘Hofgastein [18]74’, in the Ackland Art Museum in Chapel Hill, North Carolina, may also be added to this group. 



In this virtuoso pencil drawing, which the artist presented as a gift to Magnus and Mathilde Herrmann, Menzel observes the girls with a tender and sympathetic eye. As one recent scholar has described the present sheet, ‘It is a very beautiful drawing, which once again shows with what attention Menzel confronted the world of childhood and adolescence.’ The peaceful and relaxing life Menzel enjoyed as a guest of the Herrmann family at the Villa Carolina in Hofgastein must have provided a welcome respite from his work on the large industrial painting of The Iron Rolling Mill, on which he laboured between 1872 and 1875.



Although this large drawing was included in several significant exhibitions in Berlin between the very end of the 19th century and the first quarter of the 20th century, it was last exhibited in 1929. 

 


Adolph Friedrich Erdmann von Menzel began his career working in his father’s lithography shop in Breslau (now Wroclaw in Poland) and later in Berlin, where his family moved in 1830. A brief period of study at the Akademie der Künste in Berlin in 1833 seems to have been the sum total of his formal training, and he is thought to have taught himself how to paint. At the outset of his career he worked as an illustrator, his activity in this field perhaps best exemplified by a series of some four hundred designs for wood engravings produced to accompany Franz Kugler’s History of Frederick the Great, published in instalments between 1840 and 1842. During the late 1840’s and 1850’s he was occupied mainly with a cycle of history paintings illustrating the life of Frederick the Great.

In 1861 Menzel received his most important official commission, a painting of The Coronation of King William I at Königsberg, on which he worked for four years. In the following decade, his lifelong interest in scenes of contemporary life culminated in what is arguably his masterpiece as a painter; the large canvas of The Iron Rolling Mill, painted between 1872 and 1875 and immediately purchased by the National-Galerie in Berlin. The last three decades of his career saw Menzel firmly established as one of the leading artists in Germany, a prominent figure in Prussian society and the recipient of numerous honours including, in 1898, elevation to the nobility. In the late 1880’s he began to abandon painting in oils in favour of gouaches, although old age meant that these in turn were given up around the turn of the century. Yet he never stopped drawing in pencil and chalk, able always to find expression for his keen powers of observation. A retrospective exhibition of Menzel’s work, held at the National-Galerie in Berlin a few weeks after the artist’s death in 1905, included more than 6,400 drawings and almost 300 watercolours, together with 129 paintings and 250 prints.

A passionate and supremely gifted draughtsman, Menzel was equally adept at watercolour, pastel, gouache and chalk. He was also able to draw with either hand, although he seems to have favoured his left. An immensely prolific artist (over four thousand drawings by him, together with 77 sketchbooks, are in the collection of the Nationalgalerie in Berlin alone), it is said that Menzel was never without a sketchbook or two in his pocket. His friend Paul Meyerheim described the artist’s appearance: ‘In his overcoat he had eight pockets, which were partially filled with sketchbooks, and he could not comprehend that there are artists who make the smallest outings without having a sketchbook in their pocket…an especially large pocket was installed…to hold a leather case, which held a pad, a coupe of shading stumps and a gum eraser.’ Menzel was widely admired as a draughtsman by his contemporaries, both in Germany and abroad, and Edgar Degas, for one, is known to have owned at least one drawing by him.

Provenance

Magnus Herrmann, Berlin, until 1894
By descent to his wife, Mathilde Herrmann, Berlin, until 1902
Their daughter, Agathe Herrmann, Berlin
Private collection, Berlin
Anonymous sale, Berlin, Galerie Gerda Bassenge, 7 June 1996, lot 5765
Thomas Le Claire, Hamburg
Private collection, Germany, since 1997
Private collection, USA
Anonymous sale, Berlin, Villa Grisebach, 30 November 2016, lot 173.
 

Literature

Agathe Herrmann, ‘Wie ich Menzel kannte’, in Moderne Kunst in Meisterholzschnitten, Vol.XX, Berlin, n.d. (1905), p.100; Kurt Karl Eberlein, ‘Hundert Jahre Berliner Kunst’, Kunst und Künstler, June 1929, illustrated as frontispiece, facing p.335; Karl Scheffler, Adolph Menzel, Leipzig, 1938, illustrated p.194; Gisold Lammel, ed., Exzellenz lassen bitten: Erinnerungen an Adolph Menzel, Leipzig, 1992, p.251, p.370, illustrated p.249; Gisold Lammel, Adolph Menzel und seine Kreise, Dresden and Basel, 1993, pp.142-143, fig.88; Carol C. Gillham and Carolyn H. Wood, European Drawings from the Collection of the Ackland Art Museum, Chapel Hill, 2001, p.176, under no.69; Claude Keisch and Marie Ursula Riemann-Reyher, ed., Adolph Menzel: Briefe, Berlin and Munich, 2009, Vol.2 (1856 bis 1880), p.871, under no.797, note 1; Luciano Pelizzari, Menzel in Verona: Die Italienreisen des großen deutschen Malers des 19. Jahrhunderts, exhibition catalogue, Ingelheim am Rhein, 2008, p.277. 

 

Exhibition

Berlin, Königliche Akademie der Künste, Kunst-Ausstellung zur Ehrung der achtzigjährigen Mitglieder Andreas Achenbach,Adolph Menzel, Julius Schrader, 1895, no.263; Berlin, Königliche National-Galerie, Ausstellung von Werken Adolph von Menzels, 1905, no.5310 (‘Musizierende Mädchen’, lent by Agathe Herrmann); Berlin, Galerie Thannhauser,Eröffnungs-Ausstellung unseres neuen Berliner Hauses, 1927, no.203; Berlin, Verein Berliner Künstler, Hundert Jahre Berliner Kunst, 1929, no.1024.

 

Additional Works

 

Adolph MENZEL

Therese and Grete Herrmann at the Piano